The most secure and efficient ACL explicitly permits only SSH traffic (port 22) from the specific corporate management subnet to the specific IP address of the router’s management interface (represented here by 192.168.1.1). It implicitly denies all other traffic. Option A is too permissive (‘any’ destination), Option B permits all IP traffic, and Option D is just a deny statement without a preceding permit.

The first step in troubleshooting is always information gathering. The vManage dashboard provides real-time and historical performance metrics (loss, latency, jitter) for each transport path per application. Analyzing this data will show if one path is degrading, which is the likely cause of inconsistency, and informs the correct corrective action.

To isolate guest users from each other, ‘Peer-to-Peer Blocking’ must be enabled. To isolate them from the corporate network, the guest WLAN must be assigned to a separate VLAN that is firewalled from the internal network (implied by the scenario’s requirement for a dedicated, isolated design). While AP Group VLAN Tagging is a method to assign a VLAN, the core security features are isolation via VLAN segmentation and P2P blocking.

ETA’s key innovation is the ability to identify threats in encrypted traffic without decrypting it. It analyzes metadata patterns (like TLS handshake sequences, packet lengths, timing) which are visible even in encrypted flows. This is analogous to detecting malice through observable behavior rather than understanding the private conversation content.

The ‘mls qos trust device cisco-phone’ command is essential. It instructs the switch to trust the Class of Service (CoS) value set by the Cisco IP phone in the 802.1Q/p tag for traffic coming from the phone. This ensures voice traffic is placed into the correct priority queue. ‘switchport voice vlan’ assigns the VLAN but doesn’t handle QoS. ‘auto qos voip trust’ is a macro that may apply this setting, but the specific, critical command is ‘trust device cisco-phone’.

This is the core concept of Cisco TrustSec. A VLAN ID is tied to a physical or logical port (a location). An SGT is an attribute assigned to a user or device (e.g., ‘Employee,’ ‘Contractor,’ ‘Guest-Server’) that is carried within frames. Policies (SGACLs) can then be defined based on source and destination SGTs, allowing consistent security policy enforcement regardless of where the device connects to the network.

NetFlow data is extremely valuable for historical analysis, baselining, and forensic investigation. A dedicated collector platform (like Cisco Stealthwatch, Plixer Scrutinizer, or other analytics tools) is designed to receive, store, and process massive volumes of flow records, enabling trend analysis, anomaly detection, and reporting over days, weeks, or months.

‘ip nat inside source static’ creates a permanent, one-to-one mapping (static NAT). ‘ip nat inside source list [ACL] pool [POOL]’ creates dynamic NAT, where addresses matching the ACL are translated to the next available address from the defined pool. Adding the ‘overload’ keyword to the dynamic command converts it to PAT (NAT Overload).

In SD-Access, the Control Plane Node (using LISP) is responsible for the registration of endpoint IP addresses and their associated SGTs (learned from ISE via pxGrid). It maintains this mapping database. The Edge Node registers endpoints with the CP node and enforces policies. ISE does the initial authentication and authorization (assigning the SGT), but the CP node is the network element that maintains the mapping for fabric communication.

The most secure and efficient ACL explicitly permits only SSH traffic (port 22) from the specific corporate management subnet to the specific IP address of the router’s management interface (represented here by 192.168.1.1). It implicitly denies all other traffic. Option A is too permissive (‘any’ destination), Option B permits all IP traffic, and Option D is just a deny statement without a preceding permit.0