A Dedicated Host provides a physical server dedicated to a single tenant, offering the highest level of isolation and stable performance. It’s ideal for applications with strict latency, security, and compliance requirements, as it eliminates the ‘noisy neighbor’ effect and allows for custom deployment configurations that ensure consistent network performance.

Scaling or restarting might temporarily mask the symptom but doesn’t diagnose the cause. The Performance Optimization feature (formerly SQL Audit) is the correct first step as it directly analyzes the problematic SQL queries, providing execution details, frequency, and optimization suggestions (like missing indexes), allowing for a targeted fix to the root cause.

For read-only analytics, using a dedicated read-only account with the Read-Only Endpoint is the Alibaba Cloud best practice. This endpoint automatically routes connections to read-only replicas in a read/write splitting architecture, offloading the reporting workload from the primary node, enforcing the security principle, and protecting the performance of core transactions.

Enabling Database Proxy is the managed solution. It provides built-in connection pooling, transparently multiplexing numerous application connections over a smaller number of actual database connections. This efficiently manages connection storms during peak traffic, reduces overhead on the database, and requires minimal changes to the application connection strings.

ApsaraDB RDS’s data archiving feature is designed for this scenario. It automatically moves cold data meeting age criteria to low-cost OSS while maintaining a logical link. The archived data remains queryable through DMS or standard SQL (via a federated table), fulfilling the compliance requirement for availability at a fraction of the cost of active database storage.

A primary/standby (high-availability) edition with instances deployed in different Availability Zones (Multi-AZ) provides native failover capability. In case of a zone failure, RDS can automatically switch to the standby instance typically within minutes, meeting a tight RTO. The synchronous or semi-synchronous replication (depending on engine) ensures minimal data loss, supporting a low RPO like 5 minutes.

The fundamental security issue is over-permissive network access. The correct fix is to modify the instance’s whitelist (IP address group) in the console, restricting inbound connections to only the specific private IPs or CIDR blocks of your trusted application servers within the VPC. This implements network-level access control. While SSL and Dedicated Hosts add security layers, they don’t fix the open network access problem.

The Data Change feature in DMS is designed for controlled database changes. It requires users to submit change tickets with SQL statements, which can then be routed through a configurable approval workflow (e.g., to a DBA). Upon approval, the change is executed, and a full audit log of who requested, approved, and executed the change is maintained, which is essential for production governance.

A key architectural advantage of PolarDB (over traditional RDS) is its shared-storage, compute-storage separation design. This allows it to support up to 15 read-only nodes in a single cluster. These nodes can be added or removed quickly to elastically scale read capacity, making it an excellent fit for read-heavy or variable workloads.

A Dedicated Host provides a physical server dedicated to a single tenant, offering the highest level of isolation and stable performance. It’s ideal for applications with strict latency, security, and compliance requirements, as it eliminates the ‘noisy neighbor’ effect and allows for custom deployment configurations that ensure consistent network performance.0