Creating groups in the Identity Provider (IdP) that correspond to SAP business roles is the recommended and most scalable practice. It centralizes access management at the IdP level, making user lifecycle management (onboarding, transfers, offboarding) efficient and secure by adhering to the principle of least privilege. Direct assignment to users (A) is not scalable. Using the ‘Everyone’ group (C) violates least privilege. A single master role (D) is a severe security anti-pattern.

In the OAuth 2.0 client credentials flow commonly used for system-to-system (S2S) integration, the X.509 certificate is used for client authentication. The client (e.g., the SuccessFactors integration) presents this certificate to the authorization server to prove its identity when requesting an access token. It does not encrypt payloads (A), sign transactions as a user (C), or directly replace a service user password (D); the token itself grants authorization.

The Risk Catalog is the central repository within SAP Cloud Identity Services where all defined Segregation of Duties (SoD) risks and the rules to detect them are stored. It is the source against which business roles are analyzed for conflicts. Business Role templates (A) contain permissions but not the risk definitions. User Access Reports (C) show assignments, not the rule definitions. Communication scopes (D) are for technical integrations.

To establish a trusted connection from SAP BTP to SAP S/4HANA Cloud, you must first create a Communication System (representing the BTP destination) and a Communication User within the S/4HANA Cloud system. This user is then assigned the necessary authorizations via the communication scenario. The Communication Arrangement bundles these components. Creating a business user (A) is for human access. The certificate (B) is part of some authentication methods. The Cloud Connector (D) is for connecting on-premise systems to BTP, not for this pure cloud-to-cloud scenario.

Session timeout for single sign-on (SSO) sessions is configured at the Identity Provider level. In the SAP landscape, this is managed in the Logon Policy of the SAP Cloud Identity Services – Identity Authentication (IAS) tenant. This ensures the timeout is enforced globally before a user even reaches any specific application like the Fiori launchpad (A) or an individual app (C). Password policies (B) govern password creation rules, not session length.

SAP_BR_CONFIG_EXPERT_FIN_ACC (Configuration Expert – Financial Accounting) is the standard business role template that contains the authorizations necessary for configuring and maintaining master data in Financial Accounting, such as company codes, chart of accounts, and fiscal year variants. SAP_BR_ADMINISTRATOR (A) is for technical administration. SAP_BR_BPC_EXPERT (B) is for Business Planning and Consolidation. SAP_BR_EMPLOYEE_SELF_SERVICE (D) is for employee personal data tasks.

Field-level security in SAP S/4HANA Cloud is typically enforced through Authorization Objects. The business role contains these objects with specific field values (e.g., activity ’03’ for display, and field values like ‘BE’ for company code). If a field value is missing or restricted, the user cannot see or edit that field. Role assignment (A) grants access to the app. OData scopes (C) control service access for APIs. Launchpad assignments (D) control app visibility, not field content.

The secure and methodical approach is to investigate the root cause before making changes. The failure could be due to a misconfigured job, a network issue, or a password that was legitimately changed elsewhere. Unlocking without investigation (A) could expose the system if it’s an attack. Creating a new account (C) might be necessary later but doesn’t address the cause. Disabling security policies (D) is a severe violation of security best practices.

User Access Review (UAR) campaigns are the primary governance tool for auditing who has what access. The reports generated from a UAR campaign provide a structured snapshot of user-to-role assignments. By analyzing the roles included in the campaign, you can determine which users have roles containing the authorization for transaction FB60. System diagnostics (B) are for technical health. The role catalog (C) shows roles, not user assignments. RAL (D) logs data reads after they happen, not access entitlements.

Creating groups in the Identity Provider (IdP) that correspond to SAP business roles is the recommended and most scalable practice. It centralizes access management at the IdP level, making user lifecycle management (onboarding, transfers, offboarding) efficient and secure by adhering to the principle of least privilege. Direct assignment to users (A) is not scalable. Using the ‘Everyone’ group (C) violates least privilege. A single master role (D) is a severe security anti-pattern.0