For performance and security, SOQL queries should explicitly select only the fields needed (avoiding SELECT *). Annotating the method with @AuraEnabled(cacheable=true) enables client-side caching and allows the use of wire services, which can significantly improve performance by reducing server trips.

The key to bulkification is to avoid SOQL queries or DML statements inside loops. The correct approach is to gather all relevant data (like parent Account IDs) from the entire trigger set into collections, then use a single query to get the related parent records, perform logic in memory, and finally execute a single DML update on the collection of parent records.

Cross-object validation rules cannot reliably traverse from a parent to its children in a formula to check for nulls across multiple records. An Apex trigger is the most robust and controllable solution for this complex business logic. It allows you to perform an aggregate query on child records and add a field error to the parent Order record within the same transaction before the update is committed.

Debouncing is a standard front-end optimization technique for search-as-you-type features. It ensures that a function (like calling the server) is only executed after a certain period of inactivity (e.g., 300ms after the user stops typing), preventing a network call for every single keystroke and greatly reducing server load.

The primary advantage of a messaging architecture using Platform Events is loose coupling. The publisher (the Case trigger) doesn’t need to know about the subscribers. This makes the system more modular, maintainable, and scalable, as new subscribers can be added (e.g., a new notification service) without touching the original publishing code.

High-quality tests are isolated (create their own data), are meaningful (use assertions to validate specific business logic results), and properly demarcate the code being tested using `Test.startTest()`/`stopTest()`. This approach ensures tests are reliable, fast, and actually verify correctness, not just execution paths.

Recursive trigger execution is a classic cause of hidden SOQL limit breaches. For example, a trigger on `after update` performs an update on the same records (or related records that cause a parent update), causing the trigger to fire again. This can multiply the number of queries executed. Proper use of static Boolean variables or handler patterns to prevent re-entry is essential.

For infrequently changing, read-only data, using `@AuraEnabled(cacheable=true)` with a wire service is optimal. The `cacheable=true` annotation allows the result to be stored client-side, preventing unnecessary server round-trips if the same data is requested again. The wire service’s reactive nature automatically refreshes the data if the underlying reactive variable changes.

The `Transient` keyword is primarily used in Visualforce controllers to declare instance variables that should not be saved as part of the page’s view state. This is crucial for reducing view state size, especially for variables holding large datasets that don’t need to be serialized between page requests, helping to avoid the 135KB view state limit.

For performance and security, SOQL queries should explicitly select only the fields needed (avoiding SELECT *). Annotating the method with @AuraEnabled(cacheable=true) enables client-side caching and allows the use of wire services, which can significantly improve performance by reducing server trips.0